Sometime early a town on edge of river Po
1152 Po changed course so F now on linked canal
1260 to 1598 F ruled by Este family. Heavy handed. F became one of most powerful city-states in northern Italy
Some of Estes :
1385 Nicolo II commissioned castle
Ercole I ruled 1471 to 1505 did good things
Alfonso I ( ruled 1553 to 1554) married Lucrezia Borgia
Most of Estes big patrons of the arts
Alfonso II last of Estes in F
1598 F given back to Papacy because either a) no heirs or b) family moved to Modena depending which book you read
1700’s travellers found empty streets, clogged up , marshy canals
Now centre for fruit industry, 1995 Unesco world heritage listed – excellent example of Renaissance town
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